Ziel dieser philosophischen Forschung ist, die Begriffe Performativität und Performance in drei grundlegenden Büchern der queer feministischen Theorie zu analysieren. Es handelt sich um die folgenden Texte: Butlers Gender Trouble, die 1990 veröffentlicht wurde, Halberstams Female Masculinity, die 1998 herausgebracht wurde, und Preciados Testo Yonqui, die 2008 verlegt wurde. Die Analyse-Technik, die ich für das detaillierte Lesen der Texte angewendet habe, ist die so gennante Technik des hermeneutischen close reading, die auch im Laufe des Artikels zur Erklärung gebracht wird. Aus (...) diesem methodologischen Grund habe ich die drei Bücher auf die Muttersprache der Schrifteller_innen gelesen (Spanisch und Englisch). Darüber hinaus enthält dieser Artikel eine ausführliche Überprüfung der zur Philosophie und Theaterwissenschaften bezogenen Geschichte der Konzepte von Performativität und Performance, die in jedem Text sowohl getrennt als auch im Zusammenhang betracht werden. (shrink)

IntroductionIncorporating technology in cognitive interventions represents an innovation, making them more accessible, flexible, and cost-effective. This will not be feasible without adequate user-technology fit. Bearing in mind the importance of developing cognitive interventions whose technology is appropriate for elderly people with cognitive impairment, the objective of this systematic review was to find evidence about usability and user experience measurements and features of stimulation, training, and cognitive rehabilitation technologies for older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.MethodThe Medline, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, (...) and PsycINFO databases were searched for literature published in the last 10 years, and three researchers independently reviewed potentially eligible studies, following specific inclusion criteria. A systematic review of the studies was conducted, presenting a qualitative synthesis of usability and UX measures with their outcomes, study characteristics and features of the cognitive intervention technologies.ResultsTen studies were selected: five were cognitive stimulation and five were cognitive training. Most of them were computer-based programs with a serious game format. Efficiency and effectiveness were the most frequent measurements used for collecting objective usability data, showing that elderly people with cognitive impairment require more time and help but can complete tasks. Regarding UX or subjective usability data, questionnaires and scales were the most used methods, reporting positive experience despite certain difficulties with the interface in five studies.ConclusionMeasuring usability and UX in cognitive intervention technologies for older adults with MCI or dementia provides an integrated view that can contribute to their development according to the needs and characteristics of the target population. More research is required to include this population group in usability and UX studies, as well as standardized tools and consensus on the relationship of these terms to guarantee the future effectiveness of cognitive intervention technologies.Review registrationThis review was registered in the PROSPERO International Register of Systematic Review Protocols. (shrink)

Citizen science is growing quickly, given its potential to enhance knowledge coproduction by diverse participants, generating large and global data sets. However, uneven participation in CS is still an important concern. This work aims to understand participation dynamics in CS and how they are shaped by participation barriers and drivers. We do so by examining participation in CONECT-e, a CS project that uses a wiki-like platform to document traditional ecological knowledge. More precisely, we analyze quantitative data on participants’ profile and (...) activity patterns and qualitative data on barriers and drivers of participation. Our findings suggest that overcoming the education, age, and residence participation barriers is challenging even in cocreated CS projects. This is potentially due to issues of perceived self-illegitimacy and low access to information and communication technologies. Our results also point out that participants’ alliance with the project’s objectives and trust relationships with the project team are important drivers of participation in CS projects. Finally, we also highlight the need to think beyond participation as single actions and rather consider participation diversity in CS as functional diversity in ecosystems, with participants performing a diverse set of interconnected tasks or functions. (shrink)

Foucault plantea que no hay una sola racionalidad desde la que sean pensables todas las dimensiones de la actual complejidad, por el contrario, la comprensión del presente abre el espacio al análisis histórico de las instituciones sociales y de sus procesos, por medio de dispositivos teórico-metodológicos desarrollados por el enfoque divergente del autor, que amplía la reflexión de los procesos de construcción, reconstrucción y modificación de las representaciones y las identidades sociales. Uno de los ejes de análisis es el sentido (...) común, por ello surge la pregunta ¿cómo el sentido común ordena la palabra? y ¿qué hay de amenazante en las palabras de las personas? Aunado, el análisis del discurso saca a la luz el juego de su poder de afirmación de dominios de objetos. Otro eje es el poder, instrumento conceptual para entender, pensar y ordenar el mundo social, a los sujetos y a sus prácticas sociales y culturales. Poder, productor de conocimiento y realidad, que determina las vías por las cuales se construyen las verdades aceptadas en una época determinada. Foucault lo propone como un poder productor, creador de un régimen de verdad que desarrolla un pensamiento sistematizador y racional, lo mismo que creador de subjetividades. (shrink)

Los albores de la geografía la corriente posibilista -- Geografía racionalista -- La corriente paisajística -- La nueva geografía. El abordaje sistemático y su influencia en el concepto de región -- Balance del desarrollo conceptual de la región en el contexto de la nueva geografía -- La geografía radical humanística -- La geografía crítica -- La geografía soviética -- La geografía neo y posmoderna. El concepto de región en la geografía contemporánea.

En el presente trabajo se esclarece la noción de “información” según Gilbert Simondon, para lo cual se presenta el contexto histórico-epistemológico desde el cual surge y qué soluciones ofrece a la problemática de la época. Se hace especial énfasis en las conceptualizaciones realizadas por la teoría matemática de la información, la cibernética, y la biología. Luego, se analiza el devenir conceptual de la noción de “información” en el pensamiento de Simondon siguiendo tres momentos de su trabajo académico (clasificados por Juan (...) Manuel Heredia): a) 1944-1958, b) 1959-1968; y c) 1968-1983. Con ello, genero una idea más completa sobre su sentido. (shrink)

The following article intends an overview on Enrique Dussel’s early work and the examination of the development process of political and philosophical categories such as the ones of “Latin-American identity / otherness”; “Latin-American thought” and political and historical subjects. The corpus covered in this study includes the author’s anthropological-philosophical research on the origins and fundamentals of the western culture as they appear in the trilogy: El humanismo semita, El humanismo helénico and El dualismo en la antropología de la Cristiandad; the (...) first development of otherness and analectic and the proposition of a new political subject in Método para una filosofía de la liberación and Para una ética de la liberación latinoamericana. A review of the first author’s historiographical experiences is included as well by the study of his book: Hipótesis para una historia de la Iglesia en América Latina. (shrink)

Es, quiza, la coleccion mas abierta que existe en cuestiones de etica, aunque se ha ocupado tambien de antropologia, estetica, ontologia, teoria del conocimiento e historia de la filosofia. El primer titulo que se publico en la coleccion fue la gran Historia de la filosofia y de la ciencia en tres volumenes de Ludovico Geymonat. A este le han seguido obras de A. J. Ayer, A. MacIntyre, Ernst Tugendhat, Antoni Domenech, Anna Estany, Agnes Heller, F. Fernandez Buey, Carlos Paris, Emilio (...) Lledo, Manuel Sacristan, John Rawls o Ludwig Wittgenstein. Victoria Camps ha dirigido, ademas, una gran Historia de la etica, en tres volumenes, en la que han colaborado los mejores especialistas espanoles. Los trabajos que componen este volumen recorren los conceptos centrales de la Ilustracion: razon, critica, autonomia, naturaleza humana, humanidad, libertad, solidaridad, igualdad, justicia y emancipacion, cuyo fracaso etico obliga a replantear las formulaciones de la filosofia ilustrada, y a someter a critica sus presupuestos. (shrink)

El filósofo mexicano Emilio Uranga (1921-1988) es recordado por su Análisis del ser del mexicano (1952) y por su labor como periodista político y asesor de López Mateos, Díaz Ordaz, Echeverría y López Portillo. Es posible tender un puente entre los dos aspectos, gracias a su concepción ontologizante de la Revolución Mexicana, leitmotiv de su producción teórica.

This article investigates the gender diversity of the corporate board of European Union banks. Employing a large sample of 612 European banks from 20 European countries, it identifies organizational characteristics that could be predictive of women’s presence on bank boards. We identify three factors that play a particularly important role in defining bank board gender diversity. First, the proportion of women on the board is higher for lower-risk banks. We argue that there may be some statistical discrimination behind this relation, (...) although it could also be explained by a real risk-aversion hypothesis. Second, banks with larger boards have a higher proportion of women on their boards, which could be considered a signal of some kind of preference for homogeneity on small boards. Finally, banks that have a growth orientation are more prone to include women on their board, since they may be seen as providers of diverse external resources that are more valued by firms operating under critical circumstances. (shrink)

The main aim of this article is to reflect on the impact of biases related to artificial intelligence (AI) systems developed to tackle issues arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, with special focus on those developed for triage and risk prediction. A secondary aim is to review assessment tools that have been developed to prevent biases in AI systems. In addition, we provide a conceptual clarification for some terms related to biases in this particular context. We focus mainly on nonracial biases (...) that may be less considered when addressing biases in AI systems in the existing literature. In the manuscript, we found that the existence of bias in AI systems used for COVID-19 can result in algorithmic justice and that the legal frameworks and strategies developed to prevent the apparition of bias have failed to adequately consider social determinants of health. Finally, we make some recommendations on how to include more diverse professional profiles in order to develop AI systems that increase the epistemic diversity needed to tackle AI biases during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. (shrink)

Presentamos una serie de reflexiones sobre los compromisos del o de la terapeuta en las situaciones sociales generadas en el encuadre específico de los Grupos de Intervención sobre los Estados de Conciencia (GIEC). En el desarrollo de los GIEC se crea una cultura que actuará como herramienta terapéutica, y a la que la persona que ejerce como terapeuta debe estar atenta para que no se convierta en cultura enraizada que lleve a sus miembros a convertirse en lo que deben ser. (...) Lo importante es que dicha cultura mantenga una apertura a la posibilidad de explorar lugares disociados, tanto a nivel personal como social. En consecuencia, tal terapeuta se compromete con una manera concreta de entender las relaciones sociales desde la diversidad, apoyada por su conducta colaborativa y de apertura hacia la libertad propia y de quienes le rodean. Ese compromiso es posible interpretarlo como una posición ideológica básica que permitirá el desarrollo adecuado de los grupos. Sin embargo, nos preguntamos si sería posible interpretarla también como una postura ética. Para ello, nos basamos en el planteamiento de Emmanuel Levinas sobre la otredad, y desarrollamos sus implicaciones, beneficios y riesgos dentro del proceso de la terapia grupal. (shrink)

La universidad vive inmersa en un proceso de cambio impulsado por la creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El objetivo principal de este proceso es hacer que la Universidad contribuya a hacer de Europa el Espacio Económico más competitivo del mundo. Se quiere hacer de la Universidad un pilar de la Europa del Conocimiento. Y la Sociedad del Conocimiento se interpreta fundamentalmente en clave económica mercantilista. En la sociedad postindustrial, la principal fuente de ventaja e..

To analyze which ethically relevant biases have been identified by academic literature in artificial intelligence algorithms developed either for patient risk prediction and triage, or for contact tracing to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, to specifically investigate whether the role of social determinants of health have been considered in these AI developments or not. We conducted a scoping review of the literature, which covered publications from March 2020 to April 2021. ​Studies mentioning biases on AI algorithms developed for contact (...) tracing and medical triage or risk prediction regarding COVID-19 were included. From 1054 identified articles, 20 studies were finally included. We propose a typology of biases identified in the literature based on bias, limitations and other ethical issues in both areas of analysis. Results on health disparities and SDOH were classified into five categories: racial disparities, biased data, socio-economic disparities, unequal accessibility and workforce, and information communication. SDOH needs to be considered in the clinical context, where they still seem underestimated. Epidemiological conditions depend on geographic location, so the use of local data in studies to develop international solutions may increase some biases. Gender bias was not specifically addressed in the articles included. The main biases are related to data collection and management. Ethical problems related to privacy, consent, and lack of regulation have been identified in contact tracing while some bias-related health inequalities have been highlighted. There is a need for further research focusing on SDOH and these specific AI apps. (shrink)

This masterly study has a grand sweep. It ranges over centuries, with a long look backward over several millennia. Yet the history it unfolds is primarily the story of individuals: thinkers and dreamers who envisaged an ideal social order and described it persuasively, leaving a mark on their own and later times. The roster of utopians includes men of all stripes in different countries and eras--figures as disparate as More and Fourier, the Marquis de Sade and Edward Bellamy, Rousseau and (...) Marx. Fascinating character studies of the major figures are among the delights of the book. Utopian writings run the gamut from fictional narratives to theoretical treatises, from political manifestos to constitutions for a new society. The Manuels have structured five centuries of utopian invention by identifying successive constellations, groups of thinkers joined by common social and moral concerns. Within this framework they analyze individual writings, in the context of the author's life and of the socio-economic, religious, and political exigencies of his time. Concentrating on innovative works, they highlight disjunctures as well as continuities in utopian thought from the Renaissance through the twentieth century. Witty and erudite, challenging in its interpretations and provocative in the questions it poses, the Manuels' anatomy of utopia is an adventure in ideas. (shrink)

O abuso sexual infantil se enquadra entre as formas de maus-tratos na infância e traz sérias consequências ao desenvolvimento psicológico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção de psicólogos que trabalham ou já trabalharam com casos de abuso sexual infantil, sobre os efeitos da situação de violência no psiquismo da criança e sobre o papel da mãe nesse contexto. Participaram do estudo 4 psicólogas que possuíam, no mínimo, 5 anos de experiência de atendimento clínico a crianças vítimas de abuso (...) sexual, sendo realizada uma entrevista semidirigida com cada uma delas. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin, que revelou a importância central do suporte materno para o enfrentamento do trauma sofrido pela criança e para o tratamento psicoterapêutico. A falta desse suporte pode estar associada a aspectos inerentes ao psiquismo da mãe, fazendo com que ela não consiga oferecer ao filho as medidas protetivas necessárias. (shrink)

Admixture, the genetic exchange between differentiated populations appears to be common in the history of species, but has not yet been comparatively studied across mammals. This limits the understanding of its mechanisms and potential role in mammalian evolution. The authors want to summarize the current knowledge on admixture in non‐human primates, and suggest that it is important to establish a comparative framework for this phenomenon in humans. Genetic observations in domesticated mammals and their wild counterparts are discussed, and a brief (...) global overview on other clades is presented. Based on this, some of the consequences of gene flow, including incompatibilities and their genomic footprint, as well as adaptive introgression are discussed, and suggestions for a functional genomics approach are made. It is proposed that the field is moving beyond descriptive observations in single species, to a comprehensive analysis of admixture and its impact. Admixture is becoming an integral part of mammalian evolution. (shrink)

Up to now researchers have maintained that Nietzsche’s philosophy has no concept of social justice or have hardly noticed such a concept. On the contrary, this article argues that social justice plays an important role in Nietzsche’s political thinking. It shows that his conception of justice is modelled after Plato’s antique concept of political justice. The main thesis of the paper is that this conception is embodied in Nietzsche’s notion of a well-ordered state or society. An additional thesis concerns the (...) anthropological basis of what Nietzsche holds to be a just social order. This basis is constituted by his conviction that people are not only fundamentally unequal but also extremely different in worth and rank. (shrink)

San Pedro de Alcántara destaca por su vida de profundización en la vida contemplativa y mística. Un ejemplo palpable de esta actitud la encontramos su Tratado de Oración y Meditación. En esta reflexión realizamos una lectura filosófica de un párrafo de la meditación del primar día de esta obra alcantarina. Desde la antropología existencial, el autor del Tratado nos invita a la contemplación de uno mismo, para llegar a la trascendencia y la alteridad que deja su huella en lo más (...) profundo del ser personal. Saint Pedro of Alcántara stands out for his enthusiasm for a comtemplative and mystical life. A very good instance of his disposition towards this can be found in his “Tratado de Oración y Meditación”. In this reflection we can interpret philosophically a paragraph from this particular work, which deals with meditation on the first day, that is to say, on Monday. By means of existential anthropology, the author invites us to look thoroughly into ourselves so that we can reach a transcendental state which will mark our inner self. (shrink)

El siguiente artículo de reflexión es el resultado de un análisis y contrastación entre el pensamiento de Julián Marías, filósofo español y Ernst Bloch, filósofo alemán, sobre el tema del joven como lugar común en el desarrollo de la reflexión de ambos pensadores. ¿Qué han pensado y dicho cada uno de estos autores? ¿Cuáles son los lugares comunes o puntos de encuentro sobre esta etapa de la vida humana para estos filósofos tan divergentes en sus posturas? Al contrastar estos filósofos (...) tan dispares podremos encontrar en la reflexión sobre el joven interesantes coincidencias. (shrink)

Unser aller Alltag ist in der Zwischenzeit stark von den Dienstleistungen und Plattformen der Technologiekonzerne durchdrungen. In der politischen Kommunikation sind Twitter, Facebook, Instagram und Konsorten nicht mehr wegzudenken. Die veränderten Bedingungen, unter denen politische Kommunikation stattfindet, haben nicht zu einer Machtnivellierung, sondern vielmehr zu einer verschiebung geführt. Politische Kommunikation ist für uns unentbehrlich, um unsere politischen Meinungen zu bilden, unsere Positionen zu artikulieren und politische Fragen zu diskutieren. Daraus ergeben sich zwei zentrale Fragen für die Politische Bildung: Welche Fähigkeiten (...) benötigen autonome und medienkundige Bürger*innen? Und wie erlernen wir diese Fähigkeiten? Dieser Beitrag skizziert eine mögliche Antwort darauf. (shrink)

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. People who have this disorder are characterized by presenting difficulties in the processes of sustained attention, being very active, and having poor control of their impulses. Despite the high prevalence of this disorder and the existence of various tests used for its diagnosis, few data are available regarding the usefulness and diagnostic validity of these tools. Given the difficulties that these subjects present in executive functions, (...) the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Neuropsychological Assessment of Executive Functions battery for Children allows to establish specific profiles of executive performance for people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The sample was made up of 197 participants of both sexes, aged between 6 and 12 years age. A nonexperimental design was followed, using a comparative descriptive study method. The results indicated that the scales of phonological fluency, color path, rings, and interference are the most associated with the diagnosis of ADHD, providing data on inhibition, mental flexibility, sustained and selective attention, planning, verbal fluency, and working memory, among others. The practical implication of these results is in line with providing support in the clinical diagnosis that is carried out in children’s mental health units. In addition, the ENFEN tool can be valued as a suitable psychometric instrument in the psychoeducational field, helping professionals in a school environment to be more aware of the areas of cognitive development in which a student diagnosed with ADHD will have more difficulties and, in doing so, providing more adjusted and effective psychopedagogical measures when it comes to supporting students in their adaptation to the school environment. (shrink)

Sebastián Izquierdo represents the last version of the Spanish philosophical baroque defined by scholasticism renewal and the dialogue with Early Modernity. One of the signs of this baroque charact...

El trabajo presenta las distintas actividades científicas que con motivo del cuarto centenario del fallecimiento de Francisco Suárez se han celebrado y se han organizado durante el año 2017 o el curso académico 2017-18. En las iniciativas presentadas se advierte la vigencia de la reflexión suareciana, no sólo por su relevancia histórica, sino también como un pensamiento con el que poder replantear los retos de nuestra situación contemporánea.

Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy cuts to the heart of the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and of today's science wars.At the start of the 21st Century, ...

En este trabajo exponemos algunas categorías modales orientadas al estudio y comprensión de los sistemas autoorganizados que muestran complejidad. Para ello centramos nuestra investigación en el área de la ecología y, más en particular, en el ámbito de la ecología aural, es decir, en el estudio de los sonidos que componen los ecosistemas. Las categorías modales aquí desarrolladas son, por un lado, la «repertorialidad», referida a la coherencia y estabilidad interna de todo sistema autoorganizado; la «disposicionalidad» o experimentación y variación (...) inherente a estos sistemas y, finalmente, el «paisaje», que tiene en consideración lo realmente efectivo, lo dado. Este conjunto de categorías nos lleva a explorar el sistema modal de necesidad-contingencia-posibilidad-imposibilidad, el cual, aplicado a los estudios sonoros se convierte en el juego de señales-redundancia-ruido-silencio. Estas categorías, aplicadas a ejemplos en la naturaleza, nos ayudan a comprender el devenir inherente a todo ecosistema. Finalmente, descubrimos cómo la investigación categorial de los paisajes sonoros aporta información sobre el comportamiento evolutivo y el estado de conservación de estos sistemas. (shrink)